Robust spectrum sensing for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal without synchronization and prior noise knowledge

Spectrum sensing is defined as the task of detecting the presence of licensed users and is an essential prerequisite for opportunistic spectrum access in cognitive radio. Motivated by the infeasible assumptions of perfect synchronization and prior noise knowledge in most of the existing spectrum sensing algorithms, a robust orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal sensing scheme, with the use of a noise power insensitive threshold, is investigated in this paper. Identification of primary OFDM signals is achieved by sliding the local pilot reference over the received signals and measuring the frequency domain correlations. The necessity of prior noise power knowledge for the sensing threshold determination is removed by employing the proposed interference insensitive test metric, which is a ratio of uniformly distorted correlations. As a result, no noise power information is required in the sensing process. In addition, the effects of both timing and frequency offsets are mitigated with a novel extended time domain segmentation as well as multiple frequency domain correlations via a frequency sliding window. Numerical results are provided to validate the theoretical analysis and estimate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Different sensing durations‐based cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio systems

In order to provide more accurate detection of the primary user's activity in cognitive radio (CR) systems, cooperative spectrum sensing is proposed. The transmit diversity can also be employed by cooperative spectrum sensing to improve the performance of decision reporting. Hence, in the reporting channels between the cognitive users and the base station (BS), space time block code (STBC) scheme is considered in each cluster with time division multiple access (TMDA) method. In this paper, to improve the time efficiency in the case that one cluster makes sensing report, whereas the others do nothing but wait for their orders, we set each cluster with different sensing durations and the clusters will not stop the spectrum sensing until their results are reported. Furthermore, we also adopt the flexible sensing durations to decrease unnecessary energy consumption based on the clusters’ sensing sensitivities. Simulation results and analysis show the better detection performance and time efficiency of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Review of laser welding monitoring

Laser welding, as a highly efficient processing technology, has been widely applied to manufacturing industry. This paper makes an overview on real time monitoring of laser welding. It begins with a detailed introduction to six typical sensors (photodiode, visual, spectrometer, acoustical sensor, pyrometer, plasma charge sensor) in laser welding detection. Then it makes a review on multi-sensor fusion technology in both laser welding monitoring and adaptive control. Last, subjects for future research concerning welding monitoring and control have been proposed. The paper concludes that the real-time monitoring of laser welding can provide a great amount of valid information about welding status to help effectively identify weld defects and realize adaptive control.     

遥感与GIS在矿山环境质量评价中的应用

利用IKONOS遥感影像对重庆秀山能源多金属矿集区矿产开采引起的环境问题进行监测,然后根据矿山环境的特点构建评价指标体系,利用层次分析法确定各指标权重值,通过加权叠加计算出各个评价单元内的综合评价指数,并使用ArcGIS软件,生成该地区的矿山环境综合质量分级图。     

A copper based metal-organic framework as single source for the synthesis of electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors and glucose sensing applications

The article describes the conversion of MOF-199 to Cu–Cu₂O–CuO/C 700 (1) and Cu–Cu₂O–CuO/C 800 (2) nanostructures by simple pyrolysis at 700 and 800 °C under inert atmosphere. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals that the nanostructures Cu–Cu₂O–CuO/C consist of graphitic carbon functionalized with carboxylic, carbonyl and hydroxyl functional groups with copper/copper oxide particles on surfaces. The electrochemical properties of 1 and 2 are evaluated as electrode material for supercapacitors using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results for the capacitive performance from cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge reveal that both the samples have gravimetric capacitance greater than 750 F g⁻¹ at a scan rate of 2 mV s⁻¹ and current density of 2 mA cm⁻². The samples retain about 43% of their initial capacitance even at high scan rate of 75 mV s⁻¹. The cycling performance of the nanostructures illustrate that there is 5.5% capacitance loss after 3000 cycles. The sample 1 and 2 are washed with 1 mol L⁻¹ HCl solution to obtain copper oxide free materials Cu/C 700 (3) and Cu/C 800 (4). Samples 3 and 4 are tested as electrocatalysts for glucose sensing and the cyclic voltammetry measurement shows enhanced current densities compared to the literature values.     

阿拉湖群面积变化及其成因分析

基于阿拉湖群1977~2010年间5期遥感资料及湖群周边5个气象站近41年的逐月降水和气温资料,建立了谱间关系法和阈值法相结合的湖泊面积提取模型提取湖群面积,并结合降水气温变化趋势分析了湖群面积变化及其影响因素。结果表明,阿拉湖群1990年后由萎缩向扩张转变,湖泊变化强度由-0.126%增加至0.467%;1966~2006年阿拉湖群气温呈上升趋势,上升幅度为0.32℃/10a,降水量总体呈微弱减少趋势,减少幅度为-2.3mm/10a,自20世纪90年代后,降水量有所增加;气温升高及降水量增加会加速湖群的扩张,而农业灌溉耗水等人类活动能够改变气候因素变化引起的湖群面积扩张程度。     

稀土Y掺杂对Mg-3.0Zn-0.6Zr合金热压缩变形性能的影响

研究了质量分数为1%稀土Y掺杂对Mg-3.0Zn-0.6Zr合金在变形温度为523~723 K、应变速率为0.001~1 s-1范围内的热压缩变形性能的影响。基于动态材料模型建立的加工图,借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪等设备,结合流变特征、微观组织结构演变,分析了Y添加对合金热变形机制及工艺参数的影响。结果表明,流变应力受变形条件影响较大,随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增大;Y掺杂对流变曲线变化趋势影响较小,而对应力水平影响较大,各变形条件下均有不同程度提高,最大增幅约40%。另外,Y添加扩大了功率耗散区域,功率峰值约增大22%并转移至673~723 K、0.1~1 s-1附近,失稳缩至523~723 K、0.001~0.01 s-1的马鞍形区域,加工图给出的最优加工参数由高温低应变速率转移至523~723 K、0.1~1 s-1附近。     

退火处理对氧化锌纳米棒形貌及气敏性能的影响（英文）

研究水热合成氧化锌纳米棒的高温热稳定性。采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对氧化锌纳米棒的结构与形貌进行表征。采用热重分析研究氧化锌纳米棒在热处理过程中的失重情况。结果表明:在退火温度低于400°C时,氧化锌纳米棒具有较好的热稳定性。当退火温度超过600°C时,氧化锌纳米棒的长径比明显降低并且纳米棒的团聚趋势加剧。退火处理对氧化锌纳米棒的气敏性能具有显著影响。与未经退火处理的氧化锌纳米棒相比,经历400°C退火处理的氧化锌纳米棒对浓度为25×10-6的H2灵敏度可以从2.22提高至3.56。经历400°C热退火处理的氧化锌纳米棒对H2表现出最优的气敏性能。     

The Paradox of Mixed‐Species Biofilms in the Context of Food Safety

Formation of mixed‐species biofilms constitutes a common adaptation of foodborne pathogens and indigenous microbiota for prolonged survival in their food niche. Nevertheless, the potential role of mixed‐species biofilms in food safety remains to be elucidated. The formation of mixed‐species biofilms on food and food processing surfaces depends on various physical, chemical, and biological processes including species composition, especially of the indigenous microbiota and nutrients, food types, temperature, quorum sensing, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production, biofilms maturation, and dispersal steps. Compared to monospecies, mixed‐species are highly resistant to antimicrobials, possibly due to higher EPS production, internalization into food, fitness of species, denser and thicker biofilms maturation, and interspecific protection of 1 species by others, although there are much debate among studies. The fitness of mixed‐species biofilms populations is suggested to be of a cooperative, competitive, or neutral nature based on the genetic background of the involved species. Currently, various methods using microarray, confocal microscopy, proteomics, and selective media are being explored for the detection of mixed‐species biofilms to resolve the conflict issues. Here, we review recent progress in this emerging field in the context of food safety and propose that novel and alternative techniques like antiquorum sensing, antibiofilms, enzymes, hurdle techniques, and bacteriophages will significantly help to control the formation of mixed‐species biofilms for enhanced food safety. The next challenge will be to integrate the fitness and resistance patterns of mixed‐species biofilms in the laboratory with those of natural settings.     

离心式滚磨光整加工钛合金的数值模拟分析

目的研究离心式滚磨光整加工对钛合金表层残余应力场的影响。方法利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立了加工过程中磨块碰撞TC4钛合金材料的三维有限元模型,对碰撞过程中的能量变化、材料应变及不同光整参数对工件表面残余应力场分布规律的影响进行分析,对比碳化硅磨块与氧化铝的加工效果。结果磨块参数对残余压应力峰值影响显著,但对其出现的位置影响不大。与碳化硅磨块相比,氧化铝磨块更适合于加工钛合金。结论有限元模拟可以探讨磨块碰撞作用下钛合金材料残余应力场的分布规律,优化滚磨光整加工钛合金的工艺参数。碰撞模拟证明,氧化铝磨块更适用于钛合金材料的滚磨光整加工。